排查存储空间和存储空间直通的运行状况与操作状态问题

本主题介绍存储空间直通与存储空间中的存储池、虚拟磁盘（位于存储空间中的卷下方）和驱动器的运行状况和操作状态。 当你尝试排查各种问题（例如，由于使用只读配置而无法删除虚拟磁盘）时，这些状态可以提供宝贵的信息。 本主题还将讨论为何无法将驱动器添加到池中 (CannotPoolReason)。

Storage Spaces has three primary objects - physical disks (hard drives, SSDs, etc.) that are added to a storage pool, virtualizing the storage so that you can create virtual disks from free space in the pool, as shown here. 池元数据写入池中的每个驱动器。 卷是在虚拟磁盘上创建的，用于存储文件，但本主题不讨论卷。

可以在服务器管理器中或使用 PowerShell 查看运行状况和操作状态。 Here's an example of a variety of (mostly bad) health and operational states on a Storage Spaces Direct cluster that's missing most of its cluster nodes (right-click the column headers to add Operational Status). 这不是一个正常的群集。

存储池状态

Every storage pool has a health status - Healthy, Warning, or Unknown/Unhealthy, as well as one or more operational states.

若要了解池所处的状态，请使用以下 PowerShell 命令：

Get-StoragePool -IsPrimordial $False | Select-Object HealthStatus, OperationalStatus, ReadOnlyReason

以下示例输出显示存储池处于“未知”运行状态和“只读”操作状态：

FriendlyName                OperationalStatus HealthStatus IsPrimordial IsReadOnly
------------                ----------------- ------------ ------------ ----------
S2D on StorageSpacesDirect1 Read-only         Unknown      False        True

以下部分列出了运行状况和工作状态。

池运行状态：正常

池运行状态：警告

When the storage pool is in the Warning health state, it means that the pool is accessible, but one or more drives failed or are missing. 因此，该存储池的复原能力可能会降低。

池运行状态：“未知”或“不正常”

When a storage pool is in the Unknown or Unhealthy health state, it means that the storage pool is read-only and can't be modified until the pool is returned to the Warning or OK health states.

另请参阅 Windows Server 存储论坛。

虚拟磁盘状态

在存储空间中，卷放置在从池的可用空间中划分出来的虚拟磁盘（存储空间）上。 Every virtual disk has a health status - Healthy, Warning, Unhealthy, or Unknown as well as one or more operational states.

若要确定虚拟磁盘所处的状态，请使用以下 PowerShell 命令：

Get-VirtualDisk | Select-Object FriendlyName,HealthStatus, OperationalStatus, DetachedReason

以下输出示例显示了一个分离的虚拟磁盘和一个已降级/不完整的虚拟磁盘：

FriendlyName HealthStatus OperationalStatus      DetachedReason
------------ ------------ -----------------      --------------
Volume1      Unknown      Detached               By Policy
Volume2      Warning      {Degraded, Incomplete} None

以下部分列出了运行状况和工作状态。

虚拟磁盘运行状态：正常

虚拟磁盘运行状态：警告

When the virtual disk is in a Warning health state, it means that one or more copies of your data are unavailable, but Storage Spaces can still read at least one copy of your data.

虚拟磁盘运行状态：不正常

When a virtual disk is in an Unhealthy health state, some or all of the data on the virtual disk is currently inaccessible.

虚拟磁盘运行状态：信息/未知

The virtual disk can also be in the Information health state (as shown in the Storage Spaces Control Panel item) or Unknown health state (as shown in PowerShell) if an administrator took the virtual disk offline or the virtual disk has become detached.

驱动器（物理磁盘）状态

以下部分描述了驱动器可能处于的运行状况。 Drives in a pool are represented in PowerShell as physical disk objects.

驱动器运行状况：正常

驱动器运行状况：警告

处于“警告”状态的驱动器可以成功读取和写入数据，但存在问题。

驱动器运行状况：不正常

当前无法写入或访问处于“不正常”状态的驱动器。

驱动器无法入池的原因

某些驱动器尚未准备好放入存储池。 通过查看物理磁盘的 CannotPoolReason 属性，可以确定驱动器为何不符合入池条件。 下面是用于显示 CannotPoolReason 属性的示例 PowerShell 脚本：

Get-PhysicalDisk | Format-Table FriendlyName,MediaType,Size,CanPool,CannotPoolReason

下面是示例输出：

FriendlyName          MediaType          Size CanPool CannotPoolReason
------------          ---------          ---- ------- ----------------
ATA MZ7LM120HCFD00D3  SSD        120034123776   False Insufficient Capacity
Msft Virtual Disk     SSD         10737418240    True
Generic Physical Disk SSD        119990648832   False In a Pool

下表更具体地描述了每种原因。

Additional References

• 存储空间直通
• 存储空间直通硬件要求
• 了解群集和池仲裁