xcopy

复制文件和目录，包括子目录。

For examples of how to use this command, see Examples.

Syntax

xcopy <Source> [<Destination>] [/w] [/p] [/c] [/v] [/q] [/f] [/l] [/g] [/d [:MM-DD-YYYY]] [/u] [/i] [/s [/e]] [/t] [/k] [/r] [/h] [{/a | /m}] [/n] [/o] [/x] [/exclude:FileName1[+[FileName2]][+[FileName3]]] [{/y | /-y}] [/z] [/b] [/j] [/compress]

Parameters

Remarks

• Using /z

  如果在复制阶段失去连接（例如，如果服务器脱机断开连接），则会在重新建立连接后恢复。 /z also displays the percentage of the copy operation completed for each file.

• Using /y in the COPYCMD environment variable.

  You can use /y in the COPYCMD environment variable. You can override this command by using /-y on the command line. 默认情况下，系统会提示你覆盖。

• 复制加密的文件

  将加密文件复制到不支持 EFS 的卷会导致错误。 首先解密文件，或将文件复制到支持 EFS 的卷。

• Appending files

  若要追加文件，请为目标指定单个文件，但源的多个文件（即，使用通配符或 file1+file2+file3 格式）。

• Default value for destination

  If you omit destination, the xcopy command copies the files to the current directory.

• Specifying whether destination is a file or directory

  If destination doesn't contain an existing directory and doesn't end with a backslash (), the following message appears:

  Does <Destination> specify a file name or directory name on the target(F = file, D = directory)?
  

  如果希望将文件或文件复制到文件，请按 F。 如果希望将文件或文件复制到目录，请按 D。

  You can suppress this message by using the /i command-line option, which causes xcopy to assume that the destination is a directory if the source is more than one file or a directory.

• Using the xcopy command to set archive attribute for destination files

  该 xcopy 命令使用存档属性集创建文件，无论此属性是否在源文件中设置。 For more information about file attributes and attrib, see Related links.

• 比较 xcopy 和 diskcopy

  如果磁盘包含子目录中的文件，并且想要将其复制到具有不同格式的磁盘，请使用 xcopy 该命令而不是 diskcopy。 diskcopy由于命令按跟踪复制磁盘，因此源磁盘和目标磁盘的格式必须相同。 该 xcopy 命令没有此要求。 除非需要完整的磁盘映像副本，否则请使用 xcopy 。

• 内存不足错误

  如果运行 xcopy 复制文件名路径大于 255 个字符的文件或文件夹，则可能会出现“内存不足”错误。

• 退出代码 xcopy

  To process exit codes returned by xcopy, use the ErrorLevel parameter on the if command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch program that processes exit codes using if, see Related links. 下表列出了每个退出代码和说明。

  Exit code	Description
  0	文件已复制，且未出错。
  1	找不到要复制的文件。
  2	用户按 Ctrl+C 终止 xcopy。
  4	出现初始化错误。 内存或磁盘空间不足，或者你在命令行上输入了无效的驱动器名称或语法无效。
  5	发生磁盘写入错误。

Examples

1. To copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type:

xcopy a: b: /s /e

2. To include any system or hidden files in the previous example, add the /h command-line option as follows:

xcopy a: b: /s /e /h

3. To update files in the \Reports directory with the files in the \Rawdata directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type:

xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993

4. To update all the files that exist in \Reports in the previous example, regardless of date, type:

xcopy \rawdata \reports /u

5. To obtain a list of the files to be copied by the previous command (that is, without actually copying the files), type:

xcopy \rawdata \reports /d:12-29-1993 /l > xcopy.out

文件 xcopy.out 列出了要复制的每个文件。

6. To copy the \Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory \\Public\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:, type:

xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p

7. To issue the previous command, ensure that xcopy creates the \Address directory if it doesn't exist, and suppress the message that appears when you create a new directory, add the /i command-line option as follows:

xcopy \customer h:\public\address /s /e /k /p /i

8. You can create a batch program to perform xcopy operations and use the batch if command to process the exit code if an error occurs. 例如，以下批处理程序对源和目标参数使用可替换参数 xcopy ：

@echo off
rem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of
rem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination
rem drive or directory (%2)
xcopy %1 %2 /s /e
if errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory
if errorlevel 2 goto abort
if errorlevel 0 goto exit
:lowmemory
echo Insufficient memory to copy files or
echo invalid drive or command-line syntax.
goto exit
:abort
echo You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation.
goto exit
:exit

若要使用前面的批处理程序复制 C：\Prgmcode 目录中的所有文件及其子目录以驱动 B，请键入：

copyit c:\prgmcode b:

The command interpreter substitutes C:\Prgmcode for %1 and B: for %2, then uses xcopy with the /e and /s command-line options. If xcopy encounters an error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the label indicated in the appropriate IF ERRORLEVEL statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits from the batch program.

9. This example copies all the non-empty directories, plus files with the associated file extension after the asterisk symbol.

xcopy .\toc*.yml ..\..\Copy-To\ /S /Y

rem Output example.
rem  .\d1\toc.yml
rem  .\d1\d12\toc.yml
rem  .\d2\toc.yml
rem  3 File(s) copied

In the preceding example, this particular source parameter value .\toc*.yml copies the same 3 files even if its two path characters .\ were removed. However, no files would be copied if the asterisk wildcard was removed from the source parameter, making it just .\toc.yml.

Related links

• Copy
• Move
• Dir
• Attrib
• Diskcopy
• If
• 命令行语法项