将容器映像部署到 Azure Kubernetes 服务

  • 9 分钟

在本单元中，你将容器映像部署到 Azure Kubernetes 服务（AKS）。 使用 AKS，可以将 Kubernetes 群集配置为通过 部署以所需状态运行，这是向 Pod 和 ReplicaSet 提供声明性更新的过程。 此状态声明在清单 YAML 文件中管理，Kubernetes 控制器在指示时将当前状态更改为声明的状态。 创建此 deployment.yml 清单文件，并指示 AKS 实例以所需状态运行，并将 Pod 配置为拉取并运行 flightbookingsystemsample 在上一单元中推送的 Azure 容器注册表中包含的容器映像。 如果没有此清单文件，则必须手动创建、更新和删除 Pod，而不是让 Kubernetes 协调该过程。

注释

如果会话已空闲，或者正在另一时间点或从另一个 CLI 执行此步骤，则可能需要使用以下命令重新初始化环境变量并重新进行身份验证：

export AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP=java-containerization-demo-rg
export AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY=<your-container-registry>
export AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER=java-containerization-demo-aks
export AZ_LOCATION=<your-Azure-region>
export AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_DNS_PREFIX=<your-unique-DNS-prefix-to-access-your-AKS-cluster>
az login
az acr login --name $AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY

部署容器映像

现在，将 flightbookingsystemsample 容器映像部署到 AKS 群集。 在项目的根文件夹中， Flight-Booking-System-JavaServlets_App/Project/Airlines 使用以下命令创建名为 deployment.yml 的文件：

vi deployment.yml

将以下内容添加到 deployment.yml，然后保存并退出。 请务必将 <AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY> 占位符替换为之前设置的 AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY 环境变量值的值。 若要保存并退出，请按 ESC，键入 ：wq！，然后按 Enter。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: flightbookingsystemsample
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flightbookingsystemsample
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: flightbookingsystemsample
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: flightbookingsystemsample
        image: <AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY>.azurecr.io/flightbookingsystemsample:latest
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: "1Gi"
          limits:
            cpu: "2"
            memory: "2Gi"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: flightbookingsystemsample
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app: flightbookingsystemsample

注释

（可选）可以在项目的根文件夹中使用 deployment_solution.yml 文件，其中包含所需的内容。 你可能会发现重命名或更新该文件的内容会更容易。

在前面的 deployment.yml中，该文件包含部署和服务。 部署用于管理一组 Pod，服务用于允许网络访问这些 Pod。 Pod 已配置为从 Azure 容器注册表中拉取一个映像 <AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY>.azurecr.io/flightbookingsystemsample:latest。 该服务配置为允许传入到端口 8080 的 HTTP Pod 流量，类似于使用 -p 端口参数在本地运行容器映像的方式。

如果部署成功，则现在已有 AKS 群集。 将 Azure CLI 配置为通过 kubectl 命令访问 AKS 群集。 使用以下命令在本地安装 kubectl ：

az aks install-cli

使用以下命令配置 kubectl 以连接到 AKS 群集：

az aks get-credentials \
    --resource-group $AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP \
    --name $AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER

以下输出是典型的：

Merged AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER as current context in ~/.kube/config

使用 AKS 通过以下命令将 deployment.yml 更改应用到群集：

kubectl apply -f deployment.yml

以下输出是典型的：

deployment.apps/flightbookingsystemsample created
service/flightbookingsystemsample created

使用以下命令监视部署的状态：

kubectl get all

以下输出是典型的：

kubectl get all
NAME                                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/flightbookingsystemsample-b7fd6684f-4j8vf   1/1     Running   0          37s

NAME                                TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)          AGE
service/flightbookingsystemsample   LoadBalancer   10.0.62.153   <external-IP>   8080:30534/TCP   37s
service/kubernetes                  ClusterIP      10.0.0.1      <none>          443/TCP          11h

NAME                                        READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/flightbookingsystemsample   1/1     1            1           37s

NAME                                                  DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/flightbookingsystemsample-b7fd6684f   1         1         1       37s

如果 POD 状态为 Running，表示应用应可供访问。 使用以下命令查看每个 Pod 中的应用日志：

kubectl logs pod/flightbookingsystemsample-<pod-identifier-from-your-running-pod>

以下输出是典型的：

kubectl logs pod/flightbookingsystemsample-b7fd6684f-4j8vf
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.208 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name:   Apache Tomcat/10.1.33
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.211 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Nov 7 2024 22:28:55 UTC
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 10.1.33.0
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            5.15.0-1074-azure
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /usr/lib/jvm/msopenjdk-17
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           17.0.13+11-LTS
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Microsoft
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.226 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.226 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.228 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.228 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.228 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.231 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows using OpenSSL was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.565 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.602 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [616] milliseconds
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.658 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.659 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.33]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.689 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:53.264 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
15-Nov-2024 12:31:55.155 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.server.MonitorBase.createRoot Metro monitoring rootname successfully set to: com.sun.metro:pp=/,type=WSEndpoint,name=/AirlinesReservationSample-PriceAndSeats-PriceAndSeatsPort
15-Nov-2024 12:31:55.347 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletDelegate.<init> WSSERVLET14: XML-WS servlet initializing
WARNING:Error in the metadata of the table SEATS: table's row count in the metadata is 5 but 6 records have been found and loaded by UCanAccess. All will work fine, but it's better to repair your database.
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.248 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized WSSERVLET12: XML-WS context listener initializing
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.249 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized WSSERVLET12: XML-WS context listener initializing
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.284 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war] has finished in [4,595] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.285 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs] has finished in [30] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples] has finished in [123] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.456 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager] has finished in [16] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.457 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.468 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [11] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.468 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.481 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [13] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.484 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.501 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [4897] milliseconds

使用 kubectl get services flightbookingsystemsample 输出中的 EXTERNAL-IP 访问 AKS 中正在运行的应用。 以下输出是典型的：

kubectl get services flightbookingsystemsample
NAME                        TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)          AGE
flightbookingsystemsample   LoadBalancer   10.0.62.153   <external-IP>   8080:30534/TCP   3m28s

注释

将以下 URL 中的 IP 地址 <external-IP> 替换为之前执行的命令中获得的 EXTERNAL-IP 值。

打开浏览器并访问航班预订系统示例登录页面 http://<external-IP>:8080/AirlinesReservationSample/。 您的浏览器应与以下截图类似：

显示正在运行的应用的屏幕截图。

可以选择使用 来自tomcat-users.xml 的任何用户登录 ，例如 someuser@azure.com: password。

清理资源

在此模块中创建的资源可能会产生持续成本。 若要清理资源，请使用以下命令删除包含这些资源的资源组：

az group delete --name $AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP