构建联接和跨产品查询

2025-06-22

以下示例演示如何合并来自多个表的结果。

示例 1

以下示例通过在 Visual Basic 的 From 子句和 C# 的 from 子句中使用外键导航，为伦敦的客户选择所有订单。

var infoQuery =
    from cust in db.Customers
    from ord in cust.Orders
    where cust.City == "London"
    select ord;

Dim infoQuery = _
From cust In db.Customers, ord In cust.Orders _
Where cust.City = "London" _
Select ord

示例 2

以下示例使用 Visual Basic 中的 Where 子句（在 C# 中为 where 子句）的外键导航来筛选库存不足的 Products，其 Supplier 位于美国。

var infoQuery =
    from prod in db.Products
    where prod.Supplier.Country == "USA" && prod.UnitsInStock == 0
    select prod;

Dim infoQuery = _
    From prod In db.Products _
    Where prod.Supplier.Country = "USA" AndAlso _
        CShort(prod.UnitsInStock) = 0 _
    Select prod

示例 3

以下示例使用 Visual Basic 中的From子句（C# 中的from子句）通过外键导航来筛选位于西雅图的员工并列出他们的辖区。

var infoQuery =
    from emp in db.Employees
    from empterr in emp.EmployeeTerritories
    where emp.City == "Seattle"
    select new
    {
        emp.FirstName,
        emp.LastName,
        empterr.Territory.TerritoryDescription
    };

示例 4

下面的示例在 Visual Basic 中的 Select 子句（在 C# 中为 select 子句）中使用外键导航来筛选出存在以下关系的雇员对：其中一位雇员是另一位雇员的下属，且这两位雇员来自同一 City。

var infoQuery =
    from emp1 in db.Employees
    from emp2 in emp1.Employees
    where emp1.City == emp2.City
    select new
    {
        FirstName1 = emp1.FirstName,
        LastName1 = emp1.LastName,
        FirstName2 = emp2.FirstName,
        LastName2 = emp2.LastName,
        emp1.City
    };

Dim infoQuery = _
    From e1 In db.Employees, e2 In e1.Employees _
    Where e1.City = e2.City _
    Select FirstName1 = e1.FirstName, _
        LastName1 = e1.LastName, FirstName2 = e2.FirstName, _
        LastName2 = e2.LastName, e1.City

示例 5

以下 Visual Basic 示例查找所有客户和订单，确保订单与客户匹配，并确保该列表中的每个客户都提供联系人姓名。

Dim q1 = From c In db.Customers, o In db.Orders _
         Where c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID _
         Select c.CompanyName, o.ShipRegion

' Note that because the O/R designer generates class
' hierarchies for database relationships for you,
' the following code has the same effect as the above
' and is shorter:

Dim q2 = From c In db.Customers, o In c.Orders _
         Select c.CompanyName, o.ShipRegion

For Each nextItem In q2
    Console.WriteLine("{0}   {1}", nextItem.CompanyName, _
        nextItem.ShipRegion)
Next

示例 6

以下示例显式连接两个表并投影来自两个表的结果。

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    join o in db.Orders on c.CustomerID equals o.CustomerID
        into orders
    select new { c.ContactName, OrderCount = orders.Count() };

Dim q = From c In db.Customers _
        Group Join o In db.Orders On c.CustomerID Equals o.CustomerID _
            Into orders = Group _
        Select c.ContactName, OrderCount = orders.Count()

示例 7

以下示例显式联接三个表并从每个表中展示结果。

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    join o in db.Orders on c.CustomerID equals o.CustomerID
        into ords
    join e in db.Employees on c.City equals e.City into emps
    select new
    {
        c.ContactName,
        ords = ords.Count(),
        emps = emps.Count()
    };

Dim q = From c In db.Customers _
        Group Join o In db.Orders On c.CustomerID Equals o.CustomerID _
            Into ords = Group _
        Group Join e In db.Employees On c.City Equals e.City _
            Into emps = Group _
        Select c.ContactName, ords = ords.Count(), emps = emps.Count()

示例 8

以下示例演示如何使用 LEFT OUTER JOIN 实现 DefaultIfEmpty()。如果对应的 DefaultIfEmpty() 没有 Order，则 Employee 方法将返回 null。

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    join o in db.Orders on e equals o.Employee into ords
        from o in ords.DefaultIfEmpty()
        select new { e.FirstName, e.LastName, Order = o };

Dim q = From e In db.Employees() _
        Group Join o In db.Orders On e Equals o.Employee Into ords _
            = Group _
        From o In ords.DefaultIfEmpty() _
        Select e.FirstName, e.LastName, Order = o

示例 9

以下示例输出由 let 联接生成的表达式。

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    join o in db.Orders on c.CustomerID equals o.CustomerID
        into ords
    let z = c.City + c.Country
        from o in ords
        select new { c.ContactName, o.OrderID, z };

Dim q = From c In db.Customers _
        Group Join o In db.Orders On c.CustomerID Equals o.CustomerID _
            Into ords = Group _
        Let z = c.City + c.Country _
        From o In ords _
        Select c.ContactName, o.OrderID, z

示例 10

以下示例展示一个带有复合键的 join。

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    from p in db.Products
    join d in db.OrderDetails
        on new { o.OrderID, p.ProductID } equals new
    {
        d.OrderID,
        d.ProductID
    } into details
        from d in details
        select new { o.OrderID, p.ProductID, d.UnitPrice };

Dim q = From o In db.Orders _
        From p In db.Products _
        Group Join d In db.OrderDetails On New With {o.OrderID, _
            p.ProductID} _
            Equals New With {d.OrderID, d.ProductID} Into details _
                = Group _
        From d In details _
        Select o.OrderID, p.ProductID, d.UnitPrice

示例 11

下面的示例演示如何构造其中一端可以为 null、另一端不可以为 null 的 join。

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    join e in db.Employees
        on o.EmployeeID equals (int?)e.EmployeeID into emps
        from e in emps
        select new { o.OrderID, e.FirstName };

Dim q = From o In db.Orders _
        Group Join e In db.Employees On o.EmployeeID _
            Equals e.EmployeeID Into emps = Group _
        From e In emps _
        Select o.OrderID, e.FirstName

另请参阅

查询示例

通过