Hi Maarten,
Is your local PC onboarded to Azure Arc? If you navigate to Azure portal -- Azure Arc -- Azure Arc resources -- Machines, is it listed? You can use link below to get there:
https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_ArcCenterUX/ArcCenterMenuBlade/~/servers
What is your local development environment? Windows/Linux, Visual Studio or VSCode or NeoVIM or other, etc.
In terms of Identity, a machine joined to Azure Arc can use managed identity to authenticate. For example, a VM in AWS could have managed identity and code running on it could authenticate to Azure to call REST APIs. Same thing for on-premises physical server or VM.
On related note, for development under Visual Studio it has concept of "Developer account" which is method for authenticating to Azure when testing code locally. Yet another method is using service principals.
As you can see there are many potential options for configuring how it will authenticate when your code uses DefaultAzureCredential().
Are you experiencing issue or are you just wondering why your PC is behaving differently than your colleague's? Assuming the agent for Azure Arc is on your PC you could remove it if that is what you prefer.
Please click Accept Answer and upvote if the above was helpful.
Thanks.
-TP